Oral Hair Loss Treatments

Finasteride inhibits 5α-reductase type II, the enzyme that converts testosterone into dihydrotestosterone (DHT) — the hormone most directly implicated in male pattern hair loss. Studies show that daily finasteride can significantly slow hair loss and often produce regrowth in many men over time. Reduces DHT levels – Slows follicle shrinkage – Supports thicker, stronger hair. Commonly prescribed at 1 mg daily for hair loss.

Potential side effects include lowered libido, erectile dysfunction, mood changes and decreased ejaculate volume.

Dutasteride is another 5α-reductase inhibitor that blocks both type I and type II isoenzymes, giving it broader action than finasteride. It is also significantly more potent than finasteride. Often used when finasteride alone is insufficient. May produce stronger effects in some patients. Typically prescribed off-label for hair loss. Typically prescribes at 0.5 mg daily for hair loss.

Potential side effects include lowered libido, erectile dysfunction, mood changes and decreased ejaculate volume. Because dutasteride blocks more enzyme types, some patients report higher rates side effects than with finasteride.

Stimulates hair follicles by increasing blood flow and prolonging the growth (anagen) phase. Most effective for early-stage hair loss; slows hair loss and promotes regrowth in many users, especially at the crown. Common prescribed at 0.25-1 mg per day.

Potential side effects include mild fluid retention, a slight increase in heart rate, temporary increased hair shedding and increased hair growth in other areas of the body.

Saw palmetto is a natural supplement sometimes used to support hair health by inhibiting DHT, a hormone linked to hair loss. It may help slow thinning and improve hair density in some people, though evidence is less robust than prescription treatments. Typical use is oral, in doses standardized to extract, and it is generally considered safe with minimal side effects.

Spironolactone is a prescription anti-androgen used primarily for female pattern hair loss. It works by blocking DHT at the hair follicle, helping to slow thinning and promote regrowth in some women. Typical doses range from 50–200 mg daily under medical supervision, with monitoring for side effects like electrolyte changes.

Nutraceuticals and vitamins can support overall hair health by providing key nutrients like biotin, zinc, and vitamin D. They may help reduce shedding and improve hair strength, especially when deficiencies are present. These supplements are generally safe but should be used under guidance to ensure appropriate dosing and effectiveness.